A Clockwork Orange Essay: The Future Dystopia -- Clockwork Orange Essa

The Future Dystopia in A Clockwork Orange A Clockwork Orange is an anti-utopian novel, describing an imminent next in a stately supervised country. The hero Alex revolts against the state using violence and is therefore locked up. Later he is turned into a harmless put down without free will, incapable of committing any crime. Burgess paints a future outlook of a land that is still committed to democracy, yet has already adapted positive methods facing youth criminality. There are several indications leading to the supposition that the general form of the government is a socialist one, e.g. the teenage slang called Nadsat which handles in the first place Russian vocabulary, streets named after personalities like Yuri Gagarin and paintings of nude working men in the style of Russian socialist art. So the state is on the say to convey totalitarian, after the example of many communist countries. In addition Alex lives in a society which lacks individualism and adversary. Un der the strict governmental rule mine run citizens are deceived end benumbed by TV and drugs. Moreover books and newspapers are hardly read, theatres and cinemas rarely visited. Everything is done to prevent normal subjects from thinking. The few people representing an opposition against the government are hooligans like Alex and political reactionaries like Mr. Alexander and his friends. Hooligans are relatively held under control by a strong police force, reactionaries dont study any support from the people. Indeed there is a regular opposition in the country, yet it seems to come into terms with the ruling party. This leads us back to Burgess flavor that we should not trust the state. The hero Alex is in fact ... ...tine Books, 1984, (1965), S. 171-177 Hahn, Ronald M. und Volker Jansen. Uhrwerk Orange, in Hahn, Ronald M. und Volker Jansen. Kultfilme Von Metropolis bis Rocky Horror Picture Show. 4. Auflage. Mnchen Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, 1990, (1985), S. 293-303 Kagan, Nor rnan. A Clockwork Orange, in Kagan, Norman. The motion-picture show of Stanley Kubrick. New Expanded Edition. New York The Continuum Publishing Company, 1989, ( 1972), S.167-187 Melchior, Claus. Zeittafel zu Leben und Werk von Anthony Burgess, in Burgess, Anthony. A Clockwork Orange. 1. Auflage. Stuttgart Phillip Reclam jun., 1992, S. 247-249 Melchior ,Claus. Nachwort, in Burgess, Anthony. A Clockwork Orange. 1. Auflage. Stuttgart Phillip Reclam jun., 1992, S. 251-260 Rabinovitz, Rubin Ethical Values in Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange, in Studies in the Novel, 11 (1979) S. 43-50

Reaching Up for Manhood :: Essays Papers

Reaching Up for ManhoodUnder-privileged, African-American boys atomic number 18 more prevalent in todays society than the typical person would like to recognize or admit. These boys seem to be faced with an ideal in which they need to follow or conform to as any and all cultures have. However, the problem is that for these boys, this ideal or way of living is believed to be met. Black boys growing up in Harlem are expected to act tough, non take any crap from anybody, and ever seem to be strong no matter what they may be faced with. Along with this pressure to not express emotion and feeling, people wonderment why they take this aggression out on their loved ones. Even though it may seem sexist it is a know fact that males are more likely to partake in violence than the average female. In order to prevent violence, it needs to stop before it starts. To do this, we start at childhood. The social, family, and educational environment must change for the better. This is not an easy task and no one is saying that it is going to take place over night. However, it is known that what we are, what we know, and how we act all reflects on the way in which we grow up and develop.Not to state the obvious, but I was raised very different from what the story describes as an African-American male. Considering I am a Caucasian female, I was not raised with the attitude that I need to fend for myself. I did not need to learn self-defense in order to stay safe on the playground. My mother did not coach me on which ways to walk national from school. I didnt have to worry about it since the schools were well equipped with buses and money was not a problem for any of the school districts in the area I call home. I could not imagine telling a child not to go to the playground and play after school because it wasnt safe. If put in this type of culture, I would feel like Id have to shield my child from everything when the reality of it would be that I am not th e educator. The tough boys on that playground are the educators in a younger boys eyes and the older boys come from homes that are either struggling or non-existing.

Essay on Satire - Satirizing Optimism in Voltaires Candide :: Candide essays

Satirizing Optimism in Candide Candide is a humorous, far-fetched tale by Voltaire satirizing the optimism promoted by the philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment. It is the story of a young mans adventures throughout the world, where he witnesses evil and disaster. Throughout his travels, he adheres to the teachings of his tutor, Pangloss, believing that entirely is for the best in the best of all possible worlds, (Voltaire 4). Candide is Voltaires answer to what he saw as an absurd belief proposed by the Optimists. Candide...is a profound attack on philosophical Optimism and, through it, all philosophical systems that claim falsely to justify the presence of evil in the world, (Mason 1). Candide anatomizes the worlds potential for disaster and examines the corresponding human capacity for optimism, (Bell 1). Though he was by no means a pessimist, Voltaire refused to believe that what happens is always for the best. The Age of Enlightenment is a status applied to a wide variety of ideas and advances in the fields of philosophy, science, and medicine. The main feature of Enlightenment philosophy is the belief that people can actively drop dead to create a better world. It is customary to present Candide as the result of Voltaires reaction to Leibniz and Pope,(Wade 1) two of the main philosophers of the enlightenment era. While Voltaires Candide is heavily characterized by the indigenous concerns of the Enlightenment, it also criticizes certain aspects of the movement. It attacks the idea of optimism, which states that rational thought can inhibit the evils perpetrated by human beings. Voltaire did not believe in the power of reason to outdo contemporary social conditions. The attack on the claim that this is the best of all possible worlds is apparent throughout the entire novel. Throughout the story, satirical references to this theme argumentation with natural disaster and human wrongdoing. When reunited with the diseased and dying Pangloss, who had contracted syphilis, Candide asks if the Devil is at fault. Pangloss simply responds that the disease was a necessity in this the best of all possible worlds, for it was brought to Europe by Columbus men, who also brought chocolate and cochineal, two greater goods that well offset any negative effects of the disease, (Voltaire 17). The multitudes of disasters, which Candide undergoes, leads to the abandonment of his belief in optimism. When asked Whats optimism? by Cacambo, Candide replies, Alas.

Decline in Black Admissions to Universities :: essays research papers

If you are a savant at an HBCU, looking around your classroom or on the yard hoping to see a familiar brown face is probably never an issue, but for students at colleges and universities where African American readjustment is right off steadily declining, it is definitely a concern.Larissa Lincoln, a senior sociology major at the University of Washington knows what it is like to face alienated or alone on campus. Sometimes when Im in a lecture there will be 200 people and I can count close to six or seven black students. Its very noticeable walking around that there is not enough blacks being admitted to college.After the 2003 Supreme mash decision that required schools like the University of Michigan to change their admittance procedure and evaluate students not based on their minority status, but individually, Michigan is now reporting the smallest class of African American freshmen in 15 years.Many state universities in California, Georgia and much of the Midwest have also spy a significant decline when it comes to admitting blacks. Enrollment for freshmen at the University of Georgia was down by 26 percent, 29 percent for Ohio State and 32 percent at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.While there is no single explanation for the low numbers, a few factors should be taken into consideration. According to Jason S. Mironov, President of the University of Michigans student body, the process for getting accepted to Michigan has become more challenging. The application became significantly harder. Unless you were absolutely sure you wanted to go to Michigan, many students were reluctant to drop off a great deal of time with the application.Rising tuition costs also play a role in discouraging lower-income students from applying and out-of-state fees for many schools seem almost unattainable for many students. Affirmative action laws also have their place in the decline of black students, many students feel that if it werent for affirmative action or other guidelines set to help minorities, then they would not consider applying to more prestigious schools.

Conditions and Effects of the Evolving Electronic Economy on Labor Essa

Conditions and Effects of the Evolving Electronic Economy on Labor But I think what surprised me as much as anything was not to find any stores on Washington Street, or any banks on articulate. What have you done with the merchants and bankers? Hung them all, perhaps, as the anarchists wanted to do in my day? non so bad as that, replied Dr. Leete. We have simply dispensed with them. Their functions are obsolete in the modern valet. (60) Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy, 1887Edward Bellamys futurist conception of commerce in the 21st century unintentionally created a surprisingly accurate representation of the emerging electronic economy. The use of computer engineering and the internet is allowing the creation of greater corporate profit margins at the expense of labor. There is a clear march towards seamless electronic transactions that removes numerous established forms of traditional marketing and employment that have existed for centuries. Funded by corporations, government, and ironically by consumers themselves, the evolving wireless economy promises to accelerate consumption at a acidulous pace with little thought about the need for labor to have viable forms of income to sustain consumption.We are on the threshold of establishing global economic methods of manufacturing and dispersion promoted by a capitalistic quest for profit that has not considered the far-reaching implications of dissolving existing methods of commerce or consequences of increased merchandise. Capitalists have grandiose plans for increasing production and consumption at the expense of labor, but few plans for sustaining income for labor to support consumption. They have neglected to recognize or plan for the inherent flaws of capitalism that go out have a tremendous effect on our future system of economy and society. At this time, we can only postulate theories about the outcome of our rendering to a digital, global economy. The indicators, however, predict a continuation of trends that do not portray favorable situations for labor or to support a cohesive society. In his book Looking Backward, Edward Bellamy astutely envisioned future methods of transactions that are increasingly becoming our reality, and his description of contrast between old and new world commerce could not have been more clearThat must be a tremendous saving of handling, I said. ... ...Atkinson, Robert. The New Economy Index, Understanding the Statess EconomicTransformation. Washington, D.C. Progressive Policy Institute Technology, Innovation, and the New Economy Project, 1998Bellamy, Edward. Looking Backward 2000-1887. New York Random House, 1982Braverman, Harry. Labor and Monopoly Capital, The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century. New York Monthly Review Press, 1998Byrnes, Nanette. Internet Anxiety Part in envy, part in fear, Corporate America is embracing a radically new business model. Business Week. June 29, 1999Fiore, Frank. e-Marketing Strategies. Indiana Que Pub lishing Company, 2001Hanson, Ward. Principles of Internet Marketing. Ohio South Western CollegePublishing, 2000Hoque, Faisal. e-Enterprise. Business Models, Architecture and Components.Cambridge University Press, 2000.Press, Associated. Does Tax Plan Repeat History? genus Sonora The Union Democrat, March12, 2001Rosner, Bob. Getting Laid Off Isnt The End of the World. San Francisco Chronicle,March 11, 2001Stricker, Frank. Causes of the Great Depression, or What Regan Doesnt Know About the 1920s. Dominguez Hills California State University, 2000

Conditions and Effects of the Evolving Electronic Economy on Labor Essa

Conditions and Effects of the Evolving Electronic deliverance on Labor But I think what surprised me as often as anything was not to find any stores on Washington Street, or any banks on State. What have you done with the merchants and bankers? Hung them all, perhaps, as the anarchists wanted to do in my day?Not so bad as that, replied Dr. Leete. We have simply dispensed with them. Their functions are obsolete in the modern world. (60) Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy, 1887Edward Bellamys futuristic conception of commerce in the 21st century unintentionally created a surprisingly accurate representation of the emerging electronic economy. The habituate of computer technology and the internet is allowing the creation of greater corporate profit margins at the expense of labor. There is a clear march towards seamless electronic transactions that removes many established forms of traditional marketing and employment that have existed for centuries. Funded by corporations, governmen t, and ironically by consumers themselves, the evolving wireless economy promises to accelerate consumption at a blistering pace with little thought active the need for labor to have viable forms of income to sustain consumption.We are on the thresh grey of establishing orbiculate economic methods of manufacturing and distribution promoted by a capitalistic quest for profit that has not considered the far-reaching implications of dissolving existing methods of commerce or consequences of increased production. Capitalists have grandiose plans for increasing production and consumption at the expense of labor, but few plans for sustaining income for labor to support consumption. They have neglected to recognize or plan for the innate flaws of capitalism that will have a tremendous effect on our future system of economy and society. At this time, we can only postulate theories about the outcome of our transformation to a digital, global economy. The indicators, however, predict a co ntinuation of trends that do not portray favorable situations for labor or to support a cohesive society. In his book Looking Backward, Edward Bellamy astutely envisioned future methods of transactions that are increasingly becoming our reality, and his description of contrast between old and new world commerce could not have been more clearThat must be a tremendous saving of handling, I said. ... ...Atkinson, Robert. The New Economy Index, Understanding Americas EconomicTransformation. Washington, D.C. Progressive Policy Institute Technology, Innovation, and the New Economy Project, 1998Bellamy, Edward. Looking Backward 2000-1887. New York Random House, 1982Braverman, Harry. Labor and Monopoly Capital, The abasement of Work in the Twentieth Century. New York Monthly Review Press, 1998Byrnes, Nanette. Internet Anxiety Part in envy, part in fear, Corporate America is cover a radically new business model. Business Week. June 29, 1999Fiore, Frank. e-Marketing Strategies. Indiana Que Publishing Company, 2001Hanson, Ward. Principles of Internet Marketing. Ohio South Western CollegePublishing, 2000Hoque, Faisal. e-Enterprise. Business Models, Architecture and Components.Cambridge University Press, 2000.Press, Associated. Does Tax Plan geminate History? Sonora The Union Democrat, March12, 2001Rosner, Bob. Getting Laid Off Isnt The End of the World. San Francisco Chronicle,March 11, 2001Stricker, Frank. Causes of the Great Depression, or What Regan Doesnt Know roughly the 1920s. Dominguez Hills California State University, 2000

Value Based Leader

PSC- 410 Servant Leadership Value-Based Leadership Challenges and Opportunity A Value Based Leader is someone that ordain an formations values, mission, and processes into one standard style of management. Although a Value-Based Leader has the mission of the organization in mind when developing a strategy pattern he or she will still face challenges. There are six challenges in which todays organizations face and they are Technology, Ethics, Globalization, Knowledge, Diversity and Change. I would like to focus on two challenges faced by leaders today which are Change and Technology.The core values of a leader at bottom an organization a good deal establish the pattern of the employees in which he or she will lead. Robert McDonald, COO of Proctor and Gamble, believes that it is important for a good Leaders to be a leader with purpose as well as character which could assist a leaders in dealing with todays challenges. If a leader leads with a purpose for the organization, he or sh e will share a desire for a positive end result or chastise an attainable goal in which all involved will be determined to see the purpose fulfilled with maximum outcome.With Change so often an organization has to queue up to these changes in order to adapt to whatever changes that will affect the end results. Sometimes the change for an organization could be as major as a change in the economy or as simple as a change in a style trend. In a recent CNNMoney article fashion trend setter Abercrombie & Fitch had a fall out due to declining sales. It was suggested that the companies challenges were due to macroeconomic conditions.Abercrombie clients are trendy teenagers and Twitter followers which snub the company due to a fall out of a popular teen idle which resulted in a magnetic dip in sales and a desire for the popular clothing line. Its amazing that something as simple as a twit could affect the sum up or decline in sales of a major organization. In this case, a Value-Based leader would put up to adjust to this change by assessing the current strategy, fantasy and the mission of the organization to better understand and support the changing trend of the current market.Its not al ways easy to continue to do condescension as usual when the market has shifted but the organization has failed to adjust to these changes. This will entertain negative fallout for any company not willing to adjust and adapt. In the case of Abercrombie & Fitch, the role of a Servant Leader in this organization could be a benefit becaexercising the Servant leader would have the authorisation add value to this organization to ensure the success of the stakeholder by developing a new strategy plan.The twenty first century competency that would use in this situation would be a person with Cognitive skills and ability such as oral communication and to be able to solve the problems between Abercrombie and the needs of the changing market. Another challenge faced by todays Value-B ased Leadership is Technology. Technology could be defined in various ways within an organization to include Information Technology, cell phones, barcode scanners as well as DVD recorders. Technology within an organization has greatly improved the performance, cultivable and communication.Although technology has improved the way we do business it has not been without its challenges. Recently, several organizations have fallen victim to cyber-attacks by pranksters, criminal syndicates or foreign political agencies. Companies spend billions of dollars in security software in an attempt to secure their companys information and the information of its customers. The growth or decline of an organization could outgrowth or decrease if a company is exposed due to the lack of proper security policies.A Value-Based Leader would have to devise a theatrical to review the companys policies and procedures in order to prevent such things from happening. Although, security breaches are a growin g trend within business its how the leading of an organization handle these matters could define the direction in which the organization could take in the fall out. Most Competency Based leaders have an understanding of the mission of an organization and the things may lack can most often be taught or learned over the course of time.The focus is on the need of the organization based on goal set by management which could be totally focused on customer service or employee relations. In the newest challenges of an organization, the ability to adjust the changing demands and needs of an organization is a defining trait of a good Value Based leader. I potently believe that leaders who are chosen for their competencies could also demonstrate servant leadership qualities if this attribute is cultivated as well as the individual have a heart to serve.Service is often a matter of the heart and a person would have to walk in humility in order to truly be able to demonstrate servant leaders hip qualities. So often in the corporate world, people are focused on the mission of the organization, production and quantity rather than quality. A servant leader focuses on the moral and well-being of their employees which can contribute to increase productivity, quality customer service and increase profits for an organization. A Competency-Based leader could be taught good interpersonal skills in order to learn to deal with the growing diversity of a workplace.This will serve up them to learn the qualities of service by learning to deal with different personality, attitudes and cultures. I believe Servant Leadership is something that has the possibility to be taught to people with other leadership styles if they are truly open to learn how to serve. References Catherine Tymkiw (2012). Abercrombie & Fitch falls out of fashion, CNNMONEY Retrieved from www. cnn. com/ money Nicole Perlroth and Evenly Ruslie (2012) Security Start-Ups Catch Fancy of Investors (P. A. ) Retrieved fro m www. newyorktimes. com

Can You Imagine a Life Without Computer?

Imagine before the Christ when throng communicated with the smoke of wood fire which even is not used to warmly up in today or an ambassador travelled by a horse for a long time to provide communication surrounded by the two kings. These are strange for us who are the slaves of the computer era, are not these? Do you realize that computers have become a main assort of your lives in time, too? It is amazing to see how computer come into our lives in just several decades. It is impossible to imagine a day without working on our computers or spending time with the computers.Mainly there are two reasons regarding for this enormous change because of the rising popularity of computers. The most important reason is that it makes our lives easier. First, we experienced this remedy in the education life. When students research on the Internet instead of going to the library, they tramp reach enormous resources easily so they save time. For example, if they are reading an essay, they pu ke change the language of the essay or reach the references with only one click instead of searching a lot of books. In addition, they kitty think over easily thanks to the variety of programs.For instance, since some computer programs calculate basic mathematical operations faster than human brain, these are beneficial for study. Second, we experienced this ease in the business life. To illustrate, online banking has brought to ease for businessmen so they do not have to go to a bank and wait for a long time. They groundwork also store enormous knowledge such as contracts, knowledge of customers and statistics in the hard disc. Thus, they do not need huge area or effort to store these. Furthermore, businessmen can attend their meeting in different place at the same time thanks to the online conference communication.Thus, they can gather when they want easily. Another reason why computers become so popular is that it provides opportunities for leisure time activities. Computer pl ays a great role in the communication aspect of our lives. Social Network is the most common area in which the computer is used in communication. The fact that you can not beget anyone who has not got a facebook account is the clearest example how online communicating has become so popular with facebook. In addition to facebook, some other websites such as chirp and instagram started to be more and more popular in time.Everyday millions of people are engaged in these websites and share their activities, feeling and photographs so that other people can follow them in their leisure time. Besides, people can spend their free time on the computer to recreate. For example, Second Life which is an online game has millions of members. In this game, people create avatars and direct them. As the avatars represent how they wish others to perceive them, they can spend their all leisure time enjoyable. Moreover, people can archive two music and film in the computer.In other words, computer e nables us to keep both music and film. Thus, they can reach the archives and listen to music or watch the film anytime and anywhere. All in all, since computer makes our life easier by doing something faster than us and gives a lot of chances to communicate and recreate, its popularity is increasing. In the future, it will burst even further. However, if the popularity will go on to increase, all of us will be computer addicted. These machines will be an inseparable part of our lives. We can not do anything without computer as life without air.

Analyse the Political Implications of Concentrated Media Ownership and Control Essay

The media is primarily used to disseminate information. It is a platform for communication between the passel and those who hold place. In todays world the media has an immense role in the functioning of troupe and has the ability to reach a mass earreach through technologies such as print, Internet, television, film and radio. There has been increasing concern over the growing intentness of media ownership as well as how this increase media take in influences and shapes democracy.Concentrated media ownership refers to the number of individuals or corporations who hold up an increasing sh are in the mass media market, which at present is really few. For example, eleven bulge of twelve major Australian Newspapers are owned by Rupert Murdochs News Corporation or John Fairfax Holdings (Independent Australia, 2011). Society has seen media moguls, such as Rupert Murdoch, overshadow cross-media ownership with companies in print, television, film etc.The media and politics are clo sely intertwined and with an increase in concentrated media ownership and control, issues such as policy-making preconceived notion the trivialisation and sensationalism of policy-making issues in the pastime of wampums and the fall amout of editorial diversity and expression, have become issues of concern for the consumers of this mass media. Street describes bias as the idea that the practices of journalists and editors result in articles and programmes that favour one view of the world over another, providing sustenance for one set of interests while undermining an alternative (Street, 2011).Bias is a large issue within all media, and authorities enforce a myriad of regulations and restrictions on media corporations to try and eliminate it. With an increase in media concentration, and the power that the media yields, eliminating political bias within the media has become an important issue. Since most of the media institutions are owned by corporations, such as Rupert Murdoc hs News Corporation, the most common presumption is that the media as a whole may be influenced by its owners.For instance, on that point are times when the owners decision may affect the kind of information that media would breach to the existence. Wagner makes the point that the news media distribute much of the information we receive about the world around us. Thousands of politicians, policy researchers and opinion makers wish to transmit information to the public at large. The news media serve as intermediaries in this information market, selecting to transmit a fraction of the millions of potential messages to an audience (Wagner, 1997).For example, Rupert Murdochs obnubilate News tune was been criticised for its right-tilted news coverage. Murdoch has always been seen to favour the conservative side of politics and the bewilder News channel has been seen to show preference toward the Republican Government in America. Fox Founder and president Rodger Ailes was a republ ican political operative in Washington. He helped with The Nixon and Reagan campaigns as well as the elder Bushs media dodge for his presidentiary campaign in 1988 (Ackerman, 2001).David Asman, The Fox News Channels daytime key was known for his association with the right- wing Wall Street Journal. Another anchor for Fox News, Tony Snow, was a conservative columnist and besides the chief speechwriter for the first bush administration (Ackerman, 2001). The Fox News Channel also hosted employees and presenters such as Eric Breindel, John Moody and Bill OReilly, all of whom were known for their conservative, right wing views (Ackerman, 2001). Rupert Murdock stated, I challenge anybody to show me an example of bias in Fox News Channel. (Ackerman, 2001)However, looking at the individuals that were in charge of disseminating the news at Fox, it is hard to believe that none of the political stories covered by Fox did not favour the more conservative side of American politics. Media cong lomerates, such as News Corporation, have the ability to sway public opinion and with the increasing control they have access to, it is naive to think that they would not use this power to influence and sway public opinion to fit with their own agendas and ideologies.The size of the marvelous media firms of today exceeds the size of the largest firms fifteen years ago by a factor of ten. (McChesney, 1999). With this increase in the size of the major media corporations also comes the increased pursuit of profits by these firms. Sometimes, this pursuit of profit can be to the detriment of information and in turn democracy. Corporations look for stories that will attract and entertain readers and viewers, sometimes neglecting stories that hold high information content and reflect political policies and agendas.McChesney refers to this need to aximise profits when he states With the tremendous pressure to attract audiences but to keep cost down and not take chances, the standard route of the media giants is to turn to the tried and true formulas of sex and violence, always attention getters (McChesney, 1999, p34). With the increased emphasis on profit maximisation and the commercialisation of news media, there is a risk that consumers of news media will cease to have access to information regarding smaller issues in society such as local political policy/s and other more localised issues.Because these issues are small and arent seen as revenue earners, or important issues, they may be sacrificed to make way for big stories and scandals. In other words, profit and revenue may become more important, in the look of media conglomerates, than information. The pure size of the media and its influence over information has huge impacts on democracy and politics. Meier (2011) sites Giddens in his body of work. Giddens talks about the trivializing of political issues and personas and states The media have a duple relation to democracy. On the one hand the emergence of a global information society is a powerful democratising force.Yet, television, and the other media, tend to destroy the very public space of dialogue they open up, through relent slight trivializing, and personalizing of political issues. Moreover, the growth of giant multinational media corporations means that unelected business tycoons can hold extensive power (p 298). In essence, Giddens is stating that while news media and media corporations may broadcast political issues and policies, these views are somewhat destroyed with the constant emphasis on the politicians themselves. Because of this a keen deal of emphasis is taken away from the real political issues.An example of this is the constant criticism of Julia Gillard and her lifestyle. For example, she is an unmarried woman her partner is a hairdresser. There is also constant evaluation of her hairstyle, wardrobe, her figure and her voice. Gillard is constantly known for stabbing Kevin Rudd in the back. She has also been portrayed as untrustworthy as well as a liar. Instead of the media evaluating and critiquing her policies and looking critically at her as a leader, we see the media sensationalising the above trivial issues instead of concentrating on what she is doing for the country politically.As Media concentration and control increases, diversity of expression decreases. In all healthy democracies, a wide range of assorted opinions are offered, and media offer a large novelty of different positions, values and biases. No individual is obliged to accept any particular position or argument, but they are encouraged to have vest their own views and criticisms forward. The core problem that comes with media concentration is that it diminishes ideological diversity within the media system.Studies have been conducted that show that although there may be more media outlets, there is not necessarily more information or diversity in media. Rather than the new platforms leading to a diversity of voice s, voices are in fact being snuffed out An analysis of independent media showed that 96 per cent of stories simply came from recycling stories found in the mainstream press. However, The study also showed that the mainstream press was producing 73 percent less information than 10 years ago (independent Australia, 2011).Curran states that they can use their financial power to drive new entrants out of the marketplace by launching high-ticket(prenominal) promotional campaigns, offering discounts to advertisers or buying up key creative personnel (Curran, 2005) Because of the increased power of media corporations, they have the ability to eliminate their competition and and then decrease the amount of diversity available to the consumer. Robert W. McChesney outlines in his book Corporate Media and the Threat to Democracy that there are three factors that allow democracy to work at its best.The first is it helps when there are not significant disparities in economic wealth and prope rty ownership across the society (1997, p5). The second requires there to be a sense of community and a notion that an individuals well- being is determined to no small extent by the communitys eudaemonia (1997, p5). Finally McChesney states democracy requires that there be an effective system of political communication (1997, p5). Media concentration and control works to the detriment of each of these factors.Firstly the multi jillion dollar media corporations, do not represent economic equality within the society, in fact they help to make the gap between the working classes and authority increase. Media concentration disputes McChesneys second factor as media moguls and corporations have become increasingly focused on the pursuit of large profits and personal gain, and are not heavily influenced around societys wellbeing. Finally, an effective system of political communication should be based around diversity of news coverage and diversity of political issues, both locally and nationally, large and small.However, with the increasing size of corporations the diversity of expression has steadily decreased. Australia has one of the highest media concentrations in the free world. With the increasing control held by mass media conglomerates various political issues arise such as political bias the trivialisation and sensationalism of political issues in the pursuit of profits and the decreasing amount of editorial diversity and expression. The above issues threaten democracy and the media must be regulated and controlled before it threatens how the political system in Australia functions.Governments need to govern media moguls, such as Rupert Murdock before they gain too much power, and control, over political issues and coverage. The key to a democratic society is freedom of information, positive political debate and communication. These key functions of a democratic society are being threatened by concentrated mass media and the increasing control held by t hese corporations.

Should the Barnardo’s Silver Spoon advertisement campaign have been banned?

A study of an diagnoseising urge on and the ethical issues involved. Media influence refers to the trespass of troop media, it has the ability to organize our societys way of view and it has the power to send a strong and influential message to its audience. Advertising media is a form of communication whose blueprint is to promote a particular product or service. The message that these adverts send off argon not always positive so therefore, certain restrictive authorities atomic number 18 there to counteract this negative influence.In the UK, the content of advertisements are regulated by the ASA (Advertising Standards Authority) and they have the authority to ban any adverts that are harmful, misleading or offensive. In winter 2003, Barnardos launched their Silver spoons campaign against poverty but within third months, the campaign was banned. Barnardos is a British Charity frame by Thomas John Barnardo in 1866. Barnardos purpose is to care for the ab employ, the vuln erable, the forgotten and the neglected. They believe that e precise tiddler deserves to be given an opportunity to fulfil their electric potential and live a worthwhile, blissful purport.The purpose of Barnardos Silver Spoon campaign was to draw attention to child poverty and hopefully be able to salary increase a significant amount to eliminate child poverty. They used shocking images of new innate(p) babies, hoping to shock the target audience into donating to their charity. The reason Barnardos snarl it was demand to produce such(prenominal) controversial adverts was because of a poll they carried out, 86% of lot questi single(a)d did not realise that one in three of the UKs children are natural into poverty. Barnardos felt that actions had to be taken to raise advisedness of this situation.The advertisements feature a cockroach, a bottle of methylated spirit and a syringe stick out from the babies mouths. The babies in the source three adverts look distressed and a longside the images is schoolbook explaining the situation of child poverty in the UK. One of the images features a new born(p) baby named Mary, real yellow in colour entirely covered in body fluid with a half empty syringe forced into her mouth. The yellowness of Marys bark indicates poor health and infirmity perhaps she is not fed properly, not cared properly.The audience learn that this child is born in a hospital because of the hospital band tied onto its wrist. The fact that the baby is still covered in body fluid implies lack of care and nurture. The half empty syringe protruding from Marys mouth indicates that she has already been doomed to a life of drug abuse, immediately taking away the innocence of the child. Mary is crying shows that she does not want this to travel by but thanks to poverty this is a future that has been predestined and she alone is powerless to change.The fact that the baby is in such a vulnerable position, clenching its clenched fist with its arm s set by its side indicates that she is opened up and exposed to the horrors of poverty. The fact that Mary has tilted her head to the side crying reinforces the fact that she is vulnerable and does not want to face the future poverty has destroyed. The main purpose of this shocking image is to trigger curiosity and shock the audience into reading the text alongside the image. The text is very skilful and contains a lot of underlying emotion.Through one small paragraph, we see the presence of numerous literary devices which makes the advert a great deal more persuasive and effective. The headline There are no silver spoons for children born into poverty relies on the old English proverb born with a silver spoon in your mouth intend to be born into a life of opportunity and prosperity, assuming the audience would know the meaning of the proverb. Through this we learn that the campaign is targeted at middle aged, middle/upperclassmen, as they are much likely to be the ones who wou ld understand the meaning of the proverb.This metaphor is used to point out that not every child is fortunate enough to be born with a silver spoon and children are not born with equal opportunities. The naming of the child is very effective, not the baby but Baby Mary. This gives the child back its innocence the image has taken away. identification the child has the effect of making everything appear very genuine and personal. The purpose of this is to make the audience emotionally drawn into the advert and sympathise for the children who are born into poverty. And hopefully, donate to the charity. Baby Mary is three minutes old. Thanks to Poverty she faces a desperate future, already poverty has predetermined her life for her. This emphasizes the impact of poverty, informing the audience what poverty is capable of destroying. Notice that Poverty in the text begins with a capital letter this personifies poverty, as if poverty is a beingness, a monster that is ready to pounce, to leap, to attack. This is very effective when trying to convey that poverty is going to be responsible for the babys hopeless future, as personifying poverty tells you that poverty is the one to blame. Poverty is waiting to destroy Marys hope and pipe dream and is likely to lead her to a future of drug abuse. Abstract nouns such as hope and ambition were used, hope and ambition are possessions everyone should have it is not an object or luxury that only some could afford. It is something that everyone deserves, you do not have to be wealthy to have hope and you certainly dont need wealth to be ambitious By telling the audience that poverty has stolen these away from a newborn child emphasizes the power of poverty by illustrating what poverty is capable of doing.However, this can be very misleading as it gives the audience a negative impression of what it doer to be poor. Within three months, the ASA received around five hundred complaints active the content of the adverts being very misleading and offensive. In December 2003, the campaign was withdrawn. In response to the numerous complaints made against the first three adverts, Barnardos released a less offensive and less controversial advert, but equally hard smasher and effective. The new advert features a new born child, with a silver spoon placed in its mouth.This refers to the same proverb as the past three adverts, born with a silver spoon in your mouth, thus makes association and reminds the audience of the previous ads. The shining silver spoon carefully placed in this babys mouth juxtaposes the dangerous, unpleasant objects forced in the other babies mouths. This makes the audience stop, wait and think about the message of the ads. The silver spoon signifies a life of opportunity and prosperity. The use of high key lighting, baby bathed in golden light, signifies wealth and power and also an environment of peace and serenity.Baby sleeping on a cushion-like surface signifies a comfortable and ea sy life. This is very different to the previous adverts, where the babies were left on plain white blanket. The fact that this babys center of attentions are placid and wide open suggests that its looking forward to its bright future. Whereas, the babies in the other adverts looks distressed and not at ease. The audience sees this baby from a birds eye view this suggests that there is someone watching over, like a parent nurturing a child. This signifies the warmth and love the babies in the previous adverts did not appear to have.The pictures of the babies in the previous adverts were taken from an angle looking at the baby from the side this signifies lack of care and abundance. The headline If only every child was born with a silver spoon is the objective Barnardos is trying to achieve. To make sure that every child gets the best start in life, and the chance to fulfil their potential. The repetition of the phrase if only emphasizes the fact that Barnardos objective has not yet been accomplished and is significant because it signifies that something can be done to make this happen.The silver spoons campaign was knowing to reduce the impact of poverty on children to the minimum. The adverts are trying to convey that children born in poverty are more likely to suffer ill-health, be unemployed or homeless and to become involved in offending, drug, and alcohol abuse and abusive relationships in adulthood. The reason Barnardos felt it was necessary to produce such controversial adverts was because of a poll they carried out, 86% of people questioned did not realise that one in three of the UKs children are born into poverty. Barnardos felt that actions had to be taken to raise awareness of this fact.The morning the first adverts were released, the ASA received 92 complaints and immediately launched an urgent investigation. Many felt that the images of the adverts were very shocking and offensive because it gives the public a false impression of what its like being poor. The adverts showing poverty, portrays a child who lacks care and support. Parents who are poor can still love and care for their child, being poor does not mean that you do not care about your child. One of the reasons why individuals strand this advert so offensive was because it was stereotyping the poor.However, statistics show that children who are born in poverty are more likely to under perform in school and live in a high crime-rate area. So therefore they are more likely be victims of crime or associate with criminals. Although this is proven correct by statistics, it is more like a fact the certain individuals find hard to accept and want to forget about. The purpose of these shocking images is to force those people back to reality and compel them to do something about it. After three months since the ads first release, it was banned by the ASA.This campaign cost one million pounds, but only lasted three months. There are umteen arguments against the ban, one of them being that the advert has been very successful in informing the public about child poverty. People are now more aware that child poverty exists in the UK and are aware it is the biggest threat to childhood. The numbers of donations received through the Barnardos website are six times higher than usual. This shows that the advert was very effective and helped to make a real difference by improving the lives of children living in poverty.The advert has met the demands of being honest, truthful and legal. It has been tested with an agency affliated with the ASA ahead being released, and was passed. This indicates that the ad did not violate any laws or legislations, therefore it was considered appropriate for the publics viewing. This means that the main reason why it was banned was because certain individuals found the adverts pessimistic nature very disturbing and offensive. The fact that these adverts were released just before Christmas 2003 may be one of the reasons why people refused to accept it.Christmas is the time of course of instruction where people over indulge and so they often dont want to think about the existence of poverty because it makes them feel guilty spending so much money on things they often do not need. They do not want to be pestered by their own guilt, so therefore they prefer to ignore reality. To conclude, I think that the Barnardos first three adverts should not have been banned. This is because the media today constantly reports poverty in third world countries that it shapes us into thinking that poverty only exists there and not here.The number of people in poverty in this country is very high and is extremely shocking because the UK is one of the most well developed countries in the world, yet many people are so poor. Research shows that one in every three children in the UK are born into poverty, but 86% of those questioned were unaware of this fact. This means that an advert that is powerful, shocking and grasping like Barnardos Silver spoons is necessary to inform the public about the situation of child poverty in the UK and what we could do to help.I think that the adverts should not be banned because its effective in capturing attention and persuade people to donate. The ad successfully helped to make a difference by increasing the number of donations and thus improving the lives of children living in poverty. However, I cannot force myself to defend that a child who is born into poverty would definitely lead a life of extreme acoholism, drugs and squalor. I think that it really is down to the influence of parents, teachers and peers to shape a childs mind and future and not their familys financial status.

Assignment Analysis of Ethical Dilemma Essay

This document contains PSYCH 610 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment abstract of Ethical Dilemma Psychology General PsychologyRead the following scenarioA well-known researcher at a major university has two alumna student sanctionants. He conducts three studies in his laboratory, all of which involve very labor-intensive procedures. The graduate research assistants complete all of the data collection. They also assist in writing the Discussion section of the final article, adding their thoughts and suggestions to the various drafts. The article is accepted into a leading journal for publication. The primary researcher lists only himself as author of the article, claiming that he wrote at least 75% of the final paper.Write a 300- to 500-word discussion of the followingDescribe the ethical consideration(s) with the scenario.Has the primary researcher affiliated an ethical violation? Use the appropriate section of the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists to justify your response. Fo rmat consistent with APA guidelines.To help you be successful in college talk with graduates from the college. This gage include friends and family members. They will be able to offer advice such as which courses you should take and which ones are unnecessary. By employing the help of those who have attended the college you are outlet to, you can rest assured they will steer you in the right direction.

Effective Teaching

In the first place, teachers should suit students involved in password and encourage them to exchange ideas in class because discussing can let the students be more knowledgeable. When discussing with people of different experiences, students can always know a mammoth number of knowledge which they have non touched before because discussion is a reflection of ones knowledge.When discussing, different people hold different types of knowledge which is rear to exchange. Take myself for example, when I discuss with many adults and teachers, I know there are a lot of abilities I have to get, such as take up abilities, communication abilities, the abilities to read people and etc.Secondly, teachers should get students involved in discussion and encourage them to exchange ideas in class because exchanging ideas with fellow classmates helps students develop exact thinking, presentation skills and other kind of soft skillsets. When discussing issues with peers, students tend to take a position on a certain issue. In this learning process, students will involve their thoughts, synthesize the concepts learned in textbook or in the lecture to support his or her points.Also, to respond to others comments, students have to reflect on the rationale of their take in arguments and come up with persuasive reasoning. It is obvious that such activities help students to learn more meaningful and extensively. justmore, students unconsciously learn how to express themselves affirmatively and make their points clear in front of a large audience. It takes the right amount of eye contacts, body languages and facial expression to convey ones idea in a convincing way.Additionally, teachers should get students involved in discussion and encourage them to exchange ideas in class because actively issues with peers can help students cope with different opinions. When discussing issues with peers, not only do students contribute to the class, but also they get a chance to be exposed to different ideas and perspectives.This is a very conducive experience since we are not living in a vacuum and learning how to appreciate, value and even embrace opinions that are unfamiliar to us can be very important. Further more, such experience can be useful in ones future career when one also has to confront with different business solutions provided by coworkers?

Bicycle motocross

Decide what you think. Write an opinion essay. Extremely Dangerous Extreme Sports Extreme sports are high-intensity activities that involve both speed and stunts. For kids, these activities include snowboarding, snowmobiling, skateboarding, BMW blinking, skiing, and motocross. These sports pack abundant thrills. But they have in like manner caused more than 4 million injuries since 2000. Many of these are simple fractures and cuts, but more serious Injuries are disturbingly common. dickens winters ago, snowmobiles Caleb Moore was killed after a horrific crash.In 2009, Olympic-bound snowboarder Kevin Pearce suffered a permanent brain Injury after a fall during a practice run. These sports are dangerous at any age. But experts worry that young thorough athletes face special hazards. Part of the problem is that young people are less likely than adults to deal out risks. Kids tend to think about what Is an hour from now, says psychologist Jesse Matthews. Inspired by video games or Youth clips, many beginners attempt stunts that are way beyond their acquisition level. Little wonder that one third of all skateboarding injuries happen to kids who have been skateboarding for Just here weeks or less.Unlike team sports, many utmost(a) athletes Some kids have a need for speed. But is the thrill worth it? Hey fly down mountains on BMW bikes, flip and twist in the air on their skateboards, and soar off ski jumps on their snowboards. They are extreme athletes-?and there are more of them than ever before. Theres no doubt that extreme sports are thrill for many young athletes. The problem is that the thrills come at a high price danger. In fact, a growing number of experts feel that some of these sports should be off-limits to kids. But would that be going too far? 28 story worksMike McGill/courts (Skater) ILLUSTRATION BY Lance Alexander Too Dangerous for Kids? dedicate without the guidance of coaches, in skate parks and on mountains far from adult eyes. Another prob lem is that helmets, which are routine in some extreme sports, are not required for skateboarders. As a result, these athletes are far more likely to suffer serious head injuries in a fall. Worth the take a chance When so much could go wrong, why would Of course there are the obvious thrills of flying down a mountainside at 60 miles an hour, or soaring high on a trusted skateboard. But its not all about the thrills.Extreme sports offer opportunities to millions of kids who What Think YES dont enjoy team sports. According to Matthews, extreme sports can let kids be more imaginative than sports like football or soccer. They are free to experiment and invent stunts of their own. Extreme sports can also build confidence and discipline. And like any sport, these activities help kids stay fit. Experts emphasize ways to make these sports less risky. Wearing proper helmets and pads is critical. So is learning from skillful experts and not attempting to become Tony Hawk on the first run do wn the half-pipe.The OTTOMH line The right precautions could make extreme sports a little less extreme, curiously for young athletes. N Should kids participate in extreme sports? Go back to the article and find information to support each side. Write the information on the lines below. Theyre great activities NO Theyre too dangerous 2 3 Study the points on both sides of the argument-?and think about your own opinion. State your opinion in one sentence below. It can become the thesis statement for an opinion essay on this topic. Find an activity sheet online Storybooks. Scholastic. Com 29 November/ December 2014

Greek Mythology: The Muses

classic Mythology The ruminates Sister Goddesses, The chew overs, were in charge of the world of Literature, Art, and Society. The Nine Daughters of genus Zeus and Mnemosyne they gave inspiration to artist, writers and other artistically gifted people. The Nine Muses have been inspiring artists since the antiquity and there unlimited paintings, drawings, designs, poems and statues dedicated to them. All artists of the Renaissance acknowledged their importance in artistic creation, dedicating their works to the Muses. 1 The number of Muses varies everyplace time.At first only hotshot Muse was spoken of but later poets mention three Melete (Practice, Study), Mneme (Memory), and Aoede (Song). They were nymphs in Pieria, which is found in western Thrace, and their cult was brought to Mount Helicon in Boeotia by the Aloads. Eventually it became received that there were nine muses Calliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe, Melpomene, Polyhymnia, Terpsichore, Thalia, and Urania. The Muse Clio di scovered history and guitar. History was named Clio in the ancient years, because it refers to Kleos the Greek article for the dire acts.Clio was always represented with a clarion in the right arm and a ledger in the left hand. Muse Euterpe discovered several musical instruments, courses and dialectic. She was always depicted holding a flute, while many instruments were always around her. Muse Thalia was the protector of comedy she discovered comedy, geometry, architectural science and agriculture. She was also protector of Symposiums. She was always depicted holding a theatrical comedy pretend. oppositeness from Thalia, Muse Melpomene was the protector of Tragedy she invented tragedy, rhetoric speech and Melos.She was depicted holding a tragedy mask and usually bearing a bat. Terpsichore was the protector of dance she invented dances, the mouth organ and education. She was called Terpsichore because she was enjoying and having fun with spring ( Terpo in Greek refers to be amused). She was depicted wearing laurels on her head, holding a harp and dancing. Muse Erato was the protector of Love and Love Poetry as well as wedding. Her name comes from the Greek word Eros that refers to the feeling of falling in love.She was depicted holding a lyre and love arrows and prows. Muse Polymnia was the protector of the divine hymns and mimic art she invented geometry and grammar. She was depicted looking up to the Sky, holding a lyre. Muse Ourania was the protector of the celestial objects and stars she invented astronomy. She was always depicted bearing stars, a celestial sphere and a bow compass. Muse Calliope was the superior Muse. She was accompanying kings and princes in order to impose justice and serenity. She was the protector of heroic poems and rhetoric art.According to the myth, Homer asks from Calliope to inspire him while writing Iliad and Odyssey, and, thus, Calliope is depicted holding laurels in one hand and the two Homeric poems in the other ha nd. The ancient writer Hesiod verbalise of them, They are all of one mind, their hearts are set upon song and their spirit is free from care. He is happy whom the Muses love. For though a man has sorrow and grief in his soul, yet when the servant of the Muses sings, at once he forgets his no-account thoughts and remembers not his troubles.Such is the holy gift of the Muses to men. 2 The Myth The Muses are all of one mind, their hearts are set upon song and their spirit is free from care. He is happy whom the Muses love. For though a man has sorrow and grief in his soul, yet when the servant of the Muses sings, at once he forgets his dark thoughts and remembers not his troubles. Such is the holy gift of the Muses to men. Hesiod3 Ancient Greek legend tells us that Pegasus often wandered, stop to rest on Mt. Olympus.One day, when his hoofs touched the ground on Mount Helicon, four divine springs of water create and from these springs the Muses (goddesses of inspiration) were born . The Muses were the nine beautiful chosen goddesses that reigned over the liberal arts and sciences, especially music, poetry, and all of the visual arts. genus Athene caught and tamed the wild Pegasus and kindly presented him to the Muses. One day the muses began to sing on Mt. Helicon. The mountain, so filled with ecstasy, it rosaceous to the heavens until Pegasus, under Poseidons command, kicked his hoof, stopping the mountains upward progress.A fountain of water gushed forth called the Fountain of Hippocrene. The fountain was blessed to the Muses and is believed to be the source of music and poetic inspiration. According to legend, the birth of both wine and art occurred when Pegasus hooves unleashed the sacred spring of the Muses. 4 Norns 5 The Goddesses of Destiny In Norse mythology, the Norns are the demi-goddesses of destiny. They control the destinies of both gods and men, as well as the unchanging laws of the cosmos.They are represented as three sisters Urd (fate), Verd andi (necessity) and Skuld ( be). They live at the base of the World Tree Yggdrasil in the realm of Asgard. Nothing lasts forever, and even the mighty Yggdrasil is subject to decay. The Norns try to stop this process, or at least slow it down, by pouring mud and water from the Well of Fate over its branches. This magical liquid stops the degeneracy process for the time being. In other myths, the Norns were thought to give assistance at birth, and that each person has his own personal Norn. 6

Organizational Behavior-No Fair Pay In This Place Essay

The purpose of this writing is to examine the motivational effects of pay aim on worker performance. It is discusses several(prenominal) of the elements that contributed to the employees in Western Satellite office to express feelings of contrariety. Some of these elements complicate donnish qualifications, educational background, just to mention but a few. The motif also tackles more or slight of the reasons wherefore the fresh York worker is considered a comparison different as fence to the worker in Seattle.Moreover, the newspaper explores how the issue of inequality in the eccentric- no fair pay in this place was either unyielding or not. For instance, we find in this case that this issue was not resolved. Last but not least, the paper also examines some(a) of the other featureors that may have contributed to the dissatisfaction that was develop by the two workers. Some of these factors allow lack of communication, culture, lack of adaptability, lack of empathy, just to mention but a few.IntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to examine the case study that revolves around no fair pay in the workplace and the fact that employees working from different cities receive different numerations irrespective of how much responsibility whiz has indoors the organization, their faculty member qualifications and the years of experience within the industry in which they are operating. (Armstrong, 2006, p. 62) Question whizz What are some of the elements which contributed to the employees feelings of inequality? These include educational background, years of experience, responsibilities that one has and last but not least pedantic qualifications.The employees were stressed with the kind of work they had to perform such as having heavy fill of unhappy clients and their urgent demands, complaining customers, just to mention but a few. (Meredith, 2004, p. 2) Susan was hired based on her degree in Business Administration. She was responsible in plan ning, problem solving and supervising a number of employees and this included Dan Donaldson, a public relations spokesperson of the company. However, despite all these responsibilities, she have a remuneration of $30,000 per annum.This was very baffle since she had 20 years of customer relations and supervisory know-how, not to mention the current degree that she had received in business. (Meredith, 2004, p. 3) On the contrary, Helen who was based at the calculatequarters in mod York received $40,000 in but ten months as opposed to 12. This made Susan furious since she had no customer contact, no university education, no one to supervise and no seniority. In a nutshell, Helen had an annual salary of $48,000. (Meredith, 2004, p. 3) Pay determination may maybe have one or more objectives, which may frequently be in conflict with each other.The primary is truth, and this may take numerous forms. They comprise income distribution through reduction of inequalities, defending obje ctive earnings (purchasing power), and the notion of equal pay for work of equivalent value. Moreover, pay differentials based on differences in skills are all associated to the humor of fairness. (Deckop, 2006, p. 65) Performance pay systems in organizations are based on sound judgment of the personality worker, often by their line administrator who may or may not be experienced in process.Performance pay is extensively renowned as contributing to pay inequalities, preponderantly in this case (New York and Seattle). (Culbert, 1996, p. 68) Question Two Why the New York worker was considered a comparison other but not the worker in Seattle? The New York worker was considered a comparison other because the precedent lines of the ancestry were in Seattle where the client based was centered and the services were rendered. Moreover, employees at Seattle received heavy load of unhappy clients and their urgent demands plot she contentedly remained in her comfort zone that was stress f ree.Research has recommended that some individuals are more flourishing in their careers than others even when they have had equivalent learning and experimental opportunities. One clarification for these disparities may possibly relate to differences between intellectual intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ). IQ evaluates academic competencies or ones aptitude to use acquaintance in making decisions and adapting to advance(a) situations. This can best be illustrated with Helen who works in at the headquarters in New York.However, as much as she is based in New York, all the tasks are carried out in Seattle, and this core that she is not using the little experience and experimental opportunities that she acquired to perform her duties. (Lamal, 1991, p. 72) On the other hand, EQ is a measure of expressive and societal competencies or ones aptitude to recognize expressive expressions in someone and others. Even though both can be enhanced through training and alter ove r time, EQ is separate from IQ in that it is ones aptitude to standardize emotions in reaction to ecological stimulus.EQ has been popularized as an educated skill that is a superior interpreter of emotional state success than intellectual achievement or technological aptitude. This can best be illustrated with Susan and Dan Donaldson who had superior performance, academic achievements, work experience and social skills. They had to deal with resolving customers issues on a daily basis while Helen and her fellow workers who were based in New York sat and waited for the final produce that came from Seattle. (Harris, 2001, p. 78)The workplace surroundings idea also sees entity firm level performance such as efficiency, productivity, efficiency and competitiveness as a result of not only the sufficiency supply of human resources with suitable skills, but also a workplace surroundings that incessantly optimizes the use of these skills throughout the way work is intended and prearranged , the suitability, access and tie-in of supports and overlyls to do the work, the association of decision making, rewards and appreciation for performance.The New York worker is considered a comparison worker as opposed to the worker in Seattle since she lacks interpersonal skills, academic achievements, superior performance, just to mention but a few. Despite all these, she is considered the best just because she is based at the head office located in New York. (Bate, 1994, p. 81) On the other hand, the Seattle worker who has all the necessary qualities such as work experience, interpersonal skills and academic qualifications is looked down upon just because she is operating in Seattle. (Meredith, 2004, p. 2)Question ThreeHow was the inequality resolved? The inequality was not resolved at all. As a matter of fact, once Mr. James commented that nobody express that it was fair and rather, that was how the staff in New York are remunerated, that was the end of the news. Mr. James did not validate his statement, incomplete did he explain why that was the case. Instead, he was interested in how Susan found out about Helens salary. (Meredith, 2004, p. 3) Participation in the labor force is usually regarded as an primary(prenominal) measurement of equality. Having a job is hearty to individuals.Jobs are a numerically important starting point for livelihoods. They are also significant proportions of social respect, acknowledgment, individuality and egotism esteem. Even though the sources and solutions for increasing inequality are multifaceted and out-of-doors to dispute, the corporeal and psychosomatic penalties are real and straightforward. (Mathis, 2006, p. 99) It is understandable that we require more than legislation, bylaw and exacting programs to generate a diverse workforce usual in association. We also need customs of understanding the challenges. This mean trial run of what goes wrong.Both the need for continuous coercive dealings and the phenomen a of the turning door or equity tell us regarding the pervasive and systemic character of the status quo in workforce composition and in the organization and conduct of business and government. (Max, 204, p. 104) When individuals talk concerning inequality, they tend to center completely on the proceeds disperse of the equation. According to the case- no fair pay in this place, there is the gap between the employees in New York and Seattle and this is based on remuneration amongst the employees. (Armstrong, 2006, p. 8)The verification of increasing disparity in the United States and around the ballock is both obvious and disturbing. As power, capital, and probability are increasingly concerted in the hands of the highly few, this age of haves and have not is connected with a wide range of unenthusiastic outcomes for faraway too count slight. A good illustration is seen in the case-no fair pay in this place, where Western Satellite patch workers are experiencing inequality proble ms based on remuneration since they are not based in New York where the head office is situated.They are the ones who experience customer service problems since each and every customer wants to be served and at the end of the day, they feel so stressed and worn out, yet when it comes to remuneration they receive less than what the worker in New York receive. This is not fair since the worker in New York doesnt experience the pressure that the Seattle worker receives. (Lamal, 1991, p. 106 Question Four What are the other factors which may have contributed to the dissatisfaction experienced by these two workers? CultureA managerial culture affects how the company performs. Culture is the behavior of a root of individuals. This consists of the beliefs, civilization, acquaintance and practices. Individuals depend on it for security, evenness and the ability to act in response in a given circumstance. (Harris, 2001, p. 92) According to this case, the reason why Helen and Susan received different remuneration was because Helen was situated at the head office in New York. This was the culture of that organization that was based on the location of the city.Therefore, Susan having been situated at Seattle was bound on her $30,000 per annum, and this was regardless of her qualifications. (Meredith, 2004, p. 3) Lack of Communication Generally, lack of communication on the part of the chieftain contributes to the displeasure among the workers in the association. Communication problems are a purpose of message and organizational procedure, and managerial factors. legal communication of performance requirements to all workers will reduce the number of complaints and grievances.Nonattendance of this communication domino effect in workers not performing. For instance in our case, when Susan was about to present her case, Mr. James had already predicted and he simply fleecy the matter off by making a comment concerning the issue. He didnt give means for discussion concern ing that matter neither did he give an explanation nor a satisfactory solution. This resulted to laxity among the workers in the western satellite office. (Bate, 1994, p. 98)By not communicating well enough, Mr.James avoided to get into dialogue concerning important issues such as, the reason why employees in New York receiving a higher pay as opposed to employees in Seattle. This made him appear unavailable and uncaring to Susan and the employees of Western Satellite Office this resulted in pain sensation teamwork spirit and cooperation within the organization. (Deckop, 2006, p. 110) Lack of Self awareness and accurate self-assessment Without self awareness and self-assessment, Mr. James was too quick to brush off the matter that Susan had presented to him.He was unable to accept useful feedback, and he didnt have a realistic awareness of his strengths or limitations. As a result, it created problems in their work relationships and in their personal relationships. (Culbert, 1996, p. 115) Lack of Empathy When leaders fail to demonstrate sufficient empathy in times of hesitation or crisis, they will probable be seen as unresponsive, hardhearted and in-authentic- all of which will make workers be less supportive and less communicative. The boss may be left feeling misunderstood, and will have complexness reading their workers.This is exactly what Mr. James did and as a result, Susans ability to work drastically modest and she became less concerned with her duties and responsibilities in the workplace. (Mathis, 2006, p. 120) Lack of Adaptability Without elasticity and adaptableness, Mr. James sufficeed negatively to the core issue that was distressful his employee Susan. This revealed emotional strain to Susan since she had to shift priorities expressed frustration with change had difficulties adapting Mr.James responses and tactics to fit the appear circumstance and ultimately she was hesitant in taking on new challenges. (Max, 2004, p. 126) Lack of self-ma nagement Without good self management, Mr. James reacted precipitately when he predicted that there was bound to be conflict at work. This made him respond to problems in a non-constructive manner that resulted to unwanted consequences such as laxity amongst the employees (Susan). (Harris, 2001, p. 118)ConclusionIn a civilized workplace, individuals who work well ought to be rewarded through decent pay, endorsement and new opportunities, the possibility to kind up new skills, admiration from coworker and management, and the individual gratification and satisfaction that comes from doing a job well. Culture determines the fictitious character of management, communication, and cluster dynamics within the association. The employees usually recognize this as the excellence of work life which directs their measure of motivation.The concluding outcome is worldwidely performance, human being satisfaction, individual growth and expansion. All these rudiments plug in to build the model o r structure that the association operates from. However, all these elements are not revealed in our case since Mr. James chose not to allow room for discussion. He lacked communication skills and empathy and as a result, there was sad turnover in Susans output. Generally, in an organization, employers should be open with their employees and allow a forum for discussion and participation.For instance in this case, Mr.James would have allowed Susan to present her queries and later on try to explain to her why the workers in New York had to receive a better pay than workers in Seattle. Moreover, there should be restructuring of some of the rules in Western Satellite Office and promote job enrichment. This will facilitate enlargement of the individuals within the association, better worker performance for the association, there will be maximum use of human resources for the general public at large (both in New York and Seattle), enlargement of the individual, and self-actualization of the individual.

Impact of Poverty on Children Essay

According to data from UNICEF, a child in the United States is much likely to locomote in impoverishment than any other developed nation (Ameri nominate Psychological Association, 2012)Children lively in poverty suffer from want of nutrition.Lack of nutrition can egest to premature relationship and/or low birth weight (APA, 2012). Inadequate access to healthy foods can lead to fleshiness (Dalton, 2007). Lack of food can lead to hunger or food insecurity (APA, 2012). Malnutrition can lead to deficits in cognitive and social development (APA, 2012). Failure to thrive can be a outgrowth of under nutrition (APA, 2012).According to the American Psychological Association (2012) poverty can lead to ridiculous academic achievement.Stress connected with breathing in poverty affects concentration and memory (APA, 2012). Lack of cost increase to promote literacy and reading readiness (Cuthrell, Stapleton, & Ledford, 2010). No exposure to activities such as museums and camps (Cuthrel l et al., 2010). Several states with aim districts in low-income beas receive much less in state and local funding than other school districts (Hutchinson, 2013). impoverishment and lack of insurance affects childrens health.Barrier to children receiving proper vaccinations (Becton, Lee, & Nieman, 2008). Children are a greater risk of behavioural and emotional issues (APA, 2012). Increased risk of asthma, anemia, and pneumonia (APA, 2012). Exposure to lead and other environmental contaminants (APA, 2012).Micro social run lowWorking with families with children to provide services for food and health care. Collaborating with other agencies to provide services such as health departments, biotic community service boards, and mental health service providers. Working with schools to fit child(ren)s ask being met. Assisting family with nutritional education and access to healthy foods.Macro social workWork with community to increase support for Head Start and preschool programs for all children. Policy and laws essential address the lack handiness of services and health insurance for children living in poverty. Advocate for school systems to better educate teachers to circularise with children living in poverty hire teachers who care about students achievements (Cuthrell et al., 2010). Encourage school boards to eliminate all sugary foods and drinks from school campuses. Encourage communities to be proactive in assisting families living in poverty with food and educational programs. Work with policy to promote increase in wages and physical exercise opportunities (Fass et al., 2009).Social Constructionist PerspectiveChildren in poverty have a place in society do not move up in class. Children in poverty have certain characteristics not intelligent, slow-minded, dirty, obese, lacking(p) hand-outs, criminals. Children in poverty should not aspire to improve their circumstances. Society class structure gives the need for children and families to live in po verty. Poverty is accepted as a norm need change of thinking.Social sort PerspectiveChildren in poverty expect to grow up to live in poverty.Children in poverty thinking is reinforced by their environment.Children inpoverty do not have high expectations or goals.Children living in poverty continue the cycle of the parents and grandparents previously.Conflict PerspectiveChildren in poverty are a non-dominant group.Children in poverty have no voice.Children in poverty are results of social and scotch injustice unequal division of power.Children in poverty affect all facets of societySchools and all children bear upon by policies such as No Child Left Behind Act teaching much to state testing versus academics and knowledge. Children in poverty cost an estimated $500 billion in lost productiveness and spending on health care and criminal justice systems (Fass, Dinan, & Aratani, 2009). Children in poverty are more than likely to be deplorable as adults, continuing the cycle inc reasing chances of chronic poverty ((Fass et al., 2009).The explore on children living in poverty reinforces how the environment can and will affect an individuals situation. Poverty influences a childs health, education, and future well-being. If a child is not given the very(prenominal) opportunities as other children not living in poverty, the struggle to rise above poverty can be overwhelming. The cycle of poverty will only change when there is an equality of resources. The change starts at the micro level with the individual child and the family receiving services. To break the cycle, the change must be at the large level with change in policies and laws. Agencies and social workers must give the children living in poverty a voice that can be heard.ReferencesAmerican Psychological Association. (2012). Effects of poverty, hunger and homelessness on children and youth. Retrieved fromhttp//www.apa.org/print-this.aspx Becton, J. L., Lee, C., & Nieman, L. Z. (2008). The effect o f lack of insurance, poverty and paediatrician supply on immunization rates among children 19-35 months of age in the United States. daybook of evaluation in clinical practice3, 14(2), 248-253. doi10.1111/j.1365-2753.2007.00841.x Cuthrell, K., Stapleton, J., Ledford, C. (2010). Examining the culture of poverty promising practices. Preventing school failures, 54(2), 104-110. Dalton, S. (2007, January). Our vulnerable children poor and overweight. Southern Medical Journal. pp. 1-2. Fass, S., Dinan, K. A., & Aratani, Y. (2009, December). Child poverty and intergenerational mobility. National center for Children in Poverty. Retrieved from http//nccp.org/publications/pub_911.html Hutchinson, E. D., (2013). Theoretical perspectives on tender behavior. Essentials of human behavior integrating person, environment, and the life course. (pp. 39 42). Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications.Compare/demarcationKrystal and Jessica both want to work with immigrants to help integrate them into the s chools and society and overcome barriers. My desire to help children in poverty could be viewed as similar as both groups have barriers due to their status. Immigrants and poor deal are looked upon as being less of a person. Each group I believe is affected by the conflict perspective. The unequal balance of power and resources prevents immigrants and poor people access to the same opportunities. If there is not a balance or equal opportunity to services and resources, how can immigrants and people living in poverty achieve the successes of those with access? The environment in which immigrants and poor people are candid to everyday does not meet the basic needs of acceptance and hope. If children are to succeed in the classroom they must be given the tools and support to do so.Things such as food, shelter and language are taken for granted by society when there is not a need. How is a child who cannot visualize what a teacher is saying or is being bullied by other children becau se of their different speech or clothing achieving success in the classroom? How can a child who has not eaten since lunch in school the day before concentrate on what is being taught by the teacher? Society must take responsibility for thesechildren. Social workers must advocate at all levels micro and macro to ensure immigrants and children of poverty are receiving equal access to opportunities available to others. Social workers and society cannot accept poverty as a norm. Social workers and society cannot accept lack of resources and/or funding an excuse to not powerful educate children of immigrants.

HR Case Study of Yamaha Motors

form, in any organization is r turn outed through its Human preference incision. Thereare always disgruntled employees who complain that change has adversely affected them. There are employees who believe in status Quo and believe that if a system is on the job(p),there is no point in changing it. Escorts going out and Yamaha coming in was a change that influenced each other andevery employee relieve oneselfing on all in all levels. curiously though, the resistance to this majorchange and to all subsequent decisions taken to enforce the change was minimized,. It just now depicts the success of the H. R. epartment in educating all employees. diversify wasviewed as mandatory rather than optional. Employees were made to believe that theirfuture bread and exceptter depended upon the success of this change. Almost everyemployee dumb the need for this broad change. There were some voices ofdiscontent regarding small details which had to be worked out. The H. R. departmentsrole in use the entire process of change is summarized below 1. Agreement with the Union Escorts left behind a hearty sweat jointure which waskn avow to use aggressive tactics to get its demand met.Yamaha suspended the olderagreement with the union and entered into a new one after taking over. Theagreement covered various aspects like pay packages, increments, working hours,leaves schedule etc. Yamaha also offered V. R. S. ( Voluntary retirement schemes)to those who did non wanted to continue with the organization. However, theattraction rate of labour and managers was very low. What Yamaha ensuredthrough was there are no dissatisfied employees in the organization.Yamaha knewthat workers will be facing a cultural change soon and only wanted thoseemployees who were ready and willing to accept change in its consecutive spirit. 2. Training of employees in Japan Not every employee looks upon training inJapan as an opportunity or value addition. Certain employees are reluctant toleav e their families bandaging in India for a period of 6 months. People used to thesocial and cultural environment of India find it difficult to adjust to a foreigncountry. The challenge for the H. R. Department was to motivate such employees.These employees were assured that their families will be taken care of. While trainees will achieve salary for their work in Japan, their families will be a paid afixed amount periodically by the company during the period of training. Securewit the knowledge that their families are taken care of, employees were doto undergo training in Japan. 3. Networking with dealers Yamaha is currently in process of cyberspaceing all itsdealer all over India. Dealers are seen as valuable channel partners and not meresupply chain of mountains members.The purpose of this online network queries on a perpetual basis. Dealers are encouraged to report all complaints, suggestions, ideas throughthis network. The network will also be used for online order processin g. Prof . Nomita Kapoor Page 14 How Organizations Handle Change Yamaha Motors India 4. Routing bills through Tedfel Dealers were not happy with Yamaha routing itsbills through Tedfel. Earlier, dealers were not asked to pay until the motor cycleswere actually sold. Now Tedfel only offered a 15 days credit period to the dealers.Presently, may dealers have already approached Yamaha and have asked to revertback to the old system. At the time of our research, the dialogue between thedealers and the company was static on. Yamaha still believes in the companyvalidity of hiring an outside authority for bill payments and wants to bring aroundthe dealers to its way of thinking. Yamaha has also followed the policy that Indian managers are best equipped to handleIndian work force. The Japanese presence in the H. R. department is bare minimum. Language barrier is a signifi guttert chasteness in this regard.So, while the company boastsof presence of Japanese professionals in production, qual ity assurance and financedepartment, the H. R. department is still completely handled by their Indian counterparts. Reference http//www. scribd. com/doc/2165100/Yamaha HONDA His employees soon came to understand that poor performance would not be tolerated. People recognized his total determination to succeed and to establish an engineering business. Honda was a true leader with vision and passion. He was sufficiently aware of his own managerial shortcomings. The employees called Honda Mr.Thunder for his bursts of anger in state to their mistakes. His employees loved him but they were afraid of his anger. Honda was not a perfect man. He admitted his mistakes When I look back at my work I understand I have made mistakes many blunders, serious omissions. However, I am proud of my achievements. Although I made one mistake after the other, these mistakes and failures did not happen in connection with one and the same thing. (Peters & Waterman 1982) As a transformational leader Honda tended to see the big picture, but not the details.Motivation is one of the major concepts of the human mental imagery heed. The research of motivation and its necessity for organization is almost connected with the Behavioral Management that arouse at the end of the Scientific Management era. Human alternative way views an employee not as a machine but as a personality with its own goals and aspirations. The objective of managers is to build relationships in which workers would see themselves working with the manager, rather than working for a manager. Motivation can be defined as the process of arousing, directing, and maintaining behavior toward a goal.He points out that people are motivated to fulfill their needs. Companies view workers as being interdependent, meaning, managers cannot do their job without workers, and workers depend on their managers. Consequently, instead of management treating employees like machines, organizations should take a genuine interest in the e mployee and help them reach their goals. Human resource management supposes that if employees are happier at work the production would increase. Soichiro Honda placed human initiative and attention to all workers on the first place.He tried to create a better environment for his employees, attract specialists and motivate them to do their work in the best possible way. Honda paid much attention to experimental work and did not accept attempts to control him or his corporation via the traditional caste system. He was the innovator and was against the hierarchy management structure On the whole, people work better if they are not forced and controlled. (Peters & Waterman 1982) This mentation is proven by psychologists and new styles of management are very effective and should be used by others.Honda understood that encouraging his workers personal development, their wish for self-actualization will bring him success in business. He was a passionate person. Honda did not admit defeat and could risk everything he had achieved for the sake of his beliefs and ideas. He is the embodiment of persistence. Soichiro Honda was a man with modern mentality and readiness to risk in order to invent something new. He is the example of persistence, modesty, and the ability to see his own mistakes as the most valuable achievements.

Critically Examine the Geopolitics of Humanitarian Aid Within the 21st Century.

Critically examine the geopolitics of humanistic support within the 21st century. How defecate responses to dearth changed oer time and what ar the key challenges to famine prevention today? Geopolitics defy compete a great role in humanistic back up in the current century. Because humanitarian back up is largely sponsored by western countries it poses a extensive problem in the form of a parochial form of theorizing1 that supports the interests of the richest countries of the world. For the purpose of this search I will begin by examining the problems that puzzle arisen in the ab proscribed recent years of humanitarian aid assistance.This arises from conditional aid, whereby donor countries or organizations impose conditions in order for liquidator countries to receive this aid. Followed by this is the secularization and polarization of the aid industry where organizations atomic number 18 eternally in competition for finite resources. Lastly the 21st century has seen distant militaries carry out humanitarian aid missions which jeopardizes the neutrality and impartiality which is so essential in carrying out aid to anyone who is in need. secondly this essay will look at how humanitarian aid has changed over time.For the purpose of this short essay I will look at the 1998 famine in northeast Korea whereby humanitarian aid was given, sole(prenominal) under policy-making concessions. Disguised as aid, the humanitarian assistance given to noth Korea was used as a governmental tool that undermines the fundamental ideas of humanitarian aid. The basal theorizations of humanitarianism put a ambiguous emphasis on regard to principles of impartiality and neutrality and assistance based solely on need. hamper to these principles has been the biggest problems of humanitarian aid over its history, nevertheless never more so than in the 21st century.Aid in recent years has been based on conditionality which basically means that in order for nations to receive aid, these nations have to adopt conditions that that the donor nation imposes. This means that aid is not offered on the basis of those who need it, just is based on policy that supports the donors giving aid. Therefore critics see these policies, although framed as humanitarian in principle, as very far removed from humanitarian. In essence it is foreign policy that is advantageous to the donor. virtually such policies that come from conditionality are trade liberalization, that stool ruin domestic economies and increase unemployment, and capital invoice liberalization that would open less developed economies to investments from multi-national corporations. Such investments have little impact on the absolute majority of battalion in these countries and generally only benefit the corporations themselves and a small group of elites in the recipient countries. This supply of aid, especially in the events of crisis is in complete contrast to the fundamental principles of humanitarian aid. One of the most problematic concerns of aid in the determination ten years has been the politicization and secularization of the aid industry. Over the in the end twenty five years humanitarian aid has capture heavily institutionalized. This has light-emitting diode to more in effect(p) logistics and delivery systems. However it has also created institutions that are perhaps not so concerned with providing aid to those in need, but acting in the interests of governments or big businesses that are the donors of the resources. manitarian organizations such as nongovernmental organizations and now foreign military forces are a lot in competition with local organizations which has led to valuable resources being wasted because of constant competition for aid . 5Because of this, NGOs neutrality (one of the most fundamental principles of humanitarian aid) is gruelingly compromised because the boundaries between relief and development, war and peace a nd policy-making objectives are not good defined.Thus, NGOs in these most recent years have struggled to adhere to the basic humanitarian principles of providing to those most in need because their ideals are compromised by the secularization and politicization of aid organizations. 6 mayhap one of the most fundamental problems of humanitarian aid in the 21st century is the fact that it is often no yener carried out by NGOs, but is in fact coordinated by foreign military forces. In cuticles such as Iraq and Afghanistan the United States military assumed a coarse role for the distribution of disaster and humanitarian assistance alongside their military objectives.If foreign militaries are carrying out humanitarian aid alongside military objectives, then there is no way that aid can be supplied to whoever is in need in ways that are impartial, neutral and independent. This new system whereby foreign militaries are responsible for supplying aid has created huge security problems f or not only the military, but for the people who are receiving aid. Opposing factions to foreign military time and time again in Afghanistan and Iraq have targeted civilians receiving aid to further their accept agenda. These are the problems that exist in the humanitarian aid industry today, but these problems have developed over a course of many years and responses to famine and humanitarian disasters have evolved over time. Thirty years ago disaster relief and humanitarian aid were not considered to be of huge significance on a geopolitical scale. During the 70s and 80s although humanitarian crisis existed, the geopolitics was more focused on the cutting war and respecting the sovereignty of nation states.Although crisis in Africa, East Pakistan and Guatemala (to name a few) were made aware to the international community , they were sidelined by the real political concerns defined by the cold war. Throughout the 1970s, 1980s and even the 1990s international opinion and more imp ortantly international law, well-thought-of the fact that governments, even of highly prone man-made and natural disasters had the responsibility, will, interest and ability to protect their get citizens.Any humanitarian aid that was given in these years was seen as assistance to these governments to look after their feature citizens. Essentially 25 years ago, the concept of humanitarian intervention without the concurrence of the affected state would not have been considered and certainly would not have been sanctioned by the United Nations or the transnational Community. 8 Since the 1980s humanitarian aid and responses to famine have changed not only in thought, but institutionally.In the middle(prenominal) 1980s there were approximately 280 governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental aid organizations. Today that number is over 1000. As well as this huge expansion of organizations there has been a dramatic increase in aid expenditure. In the last twain decades humani tarian assistance has tripled from approximately two billion to six billion dollars. 9 Because of this huge increase in the funding of aid the competition between organizations can sometimes have portentous consequences because the organizations are competing for finite resources.This is increased by for profit organizations that are competing for lucrative humanitarian and development contracts. numerous donors of aid motives are not for the demand of the people that are in need of these resources but are aligned with domestic considerations or international interests that are a world apart from the specific needs of those people affected by disaster or emergency. 10 The famine of North Korea in 1998 is a perfect example of conditional humanitarian aid, and how it is driven not by humanitarian principle, but a clever tool for geopolitical gains.The North Korean famine shows how humanitarian aid today has changed to become an important political tool in contrast to two decades ag o whereby any humanitarian crisis was sidelined because of the geopolitical context of the cold war. 9 In times of famine it is important to emphasize that the likelihood of a ravenous nation to accept emergency aid under any condition means that conditional aid can be seen as a political tool to establish a diplomatic, political or even military presence under the disguise of humanitarian aid. 11 This was such the case in the North Korean famine.From 1995-1998 North Korea was hit by a series of national disasters that resulted in a large scale famine. Rough estimates say that by 1998 North Korea lacked about two gazillion tones of grain needed to feed its people. According to the world food program the rate of moderate to severe malnutrition of children in North Korea was about sixty per cent by mid 1998. 12 By mid 1998 the United States and conspiracy Korea realized that it could use the famine in North Korea as a political tool to penetrate the isolated North and offer aid on terms that benefited themselves.The United States and South Korea offered food aid on terms that North Korea had to enter into reunification and peace talks and not break out of the 1994 agreed framework designed to end the Norths nuclear program. If the North refused to adhere to these conditions, no food aid would be given. Another condition was that the shipments of aid would be cover with stickers and logos from the United States and South Korea. Although this may seem insignificant it was a huge propaganda tool for the donor powers.It could serve as an undermining of the North Korean regime that had told its people for decades that the South and the United States were undermining their nation. 13 The muted response to give aid put the US and South Korea in a strategically advantageous situation to further its political goals. If North Korea didnt accept United States conditions the famine would continue and the calamity of an internal break down of the state increased. If the North accepted the terms on which the donors offered, the aid functioned as an important political tool.It meant North Korea had to give concessions and that the people of North Korea could see the failure of its regime and the sympathy of the western powers that they had been told for so long were there enemies. Thus, humanitarian aid was not offered to support those people starving, but was alternatively used as a political tool to further the donor states own political agendas under the guise of humanitarian aid. In actual fact, the aid was so far removed from what humanitarian aid in its purest sense really was. 4 So much was this aid seen as a political tool that in 1998 the South Korean government banned non governmental groups from fundraising to support those starving in the North. 15 This is undeniable proof that political aims were the underlying focus of the conditional aid rather than aid to help the starving North Korean population that was stricken by famine. The ke y challenges to famine prevention today are huge and include a combination of factors that are not easily unchanged.First of all, humanitarian aid is now such a lucrative industry that competition for contracts means that organizations are in constant competition for finite resources, the resources that are needed in times when famine strikes. Secondly, as long as foreign militaries carry out some humanitarian aid then the adherence to neutrality and impartiality that is so fundamental to the aid process is essentially undermined. Military goals will forever and a day be aligned alongside objectives that are not necessarily aligned with those of starving people.And finally, as long as conditional aid is used as a political tool, then humanitarian aid faces huge challenges. In a time when people need aid, if governments are focused on geopolitical goals and furthering their own agendas rather than helping those in times of famine then humanitarian aid is essentially a guise and is m erely a political tool for donor governments to use to further their own agendas. 1 Robinson, J. (2003) Postcolonising geography tactics and pitfalls Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography p273 2 When does aid conditionally work?Gabriella R Montinola. Studies in comparative international development, vol 45, 2010, pp 358-362 3 ibid (same ref as above) 4 International Human Crisis two decades before and two decades beyond. Randolf C Kent. International Affairs Volume 80, issie 5, 2004 p 851-870 5 Aaltola, M. Responding to emergencies and gentility development the dilemmas of humanitarian aid Third world planning review. Liverpool University Press. 0142-7849 Vol. 22(1), 2000, p. 111-112 6 International Human Crisis two decades before and two decades beyond. Randolf C Kent.International Affairs Volume 80, issie 5, 2004 pp 851-870 7International Human Crisis two decades before and two decades beyond. Randolf C Kent. International Affairs Volume 80, issie 5, 2004 851-870 8 Reshaping humanitarian assistance in the twenty first-class honours degree century. Tim ODempsey and Barry Munslow. Progress in Development Studies 2009 91 pp 1-2 9 Randolf C Kent. Pp 851-870 10 Aaltola, M. Responding to emergencies and fostering development the dilemmas of humanitarian aid Third world planning review. Liverpool University Press. 0142-7849 Vol. 22(1), 2000, p. 111-112 11. G.M Guess. The Politics of United States Foreign Aid, capital of the United Kingdom Croom Helm, 1987, p3 12 Lischer, Sarah Kenyon. Dangerous SanctuariesRefugee Camps, Civil War, And the Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid. Cornwell University Press. 2006. Pp 3-9 13 Emergency Food Aid as a substance of Political Persuasion in the North Korean Famine Mika Aaltola Third World quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 2 (Apr. , 1999), p 374 14 Emergency Food Aid as a Means of Political Persuasion in the North Korean Famine Mika Aaltola Third World Quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 2 (Apr. , 1999), pp 372- 386 15 Korean Herald, 13 May, 1997